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Assessment Is A Key Element Of All Educational Systems Essay

305 B Assessment is a key element of all educational systems and plays a critical role in learners learning Journey. By measuring the learners’ achievement and acquired skills, assessment helps learners to learn, trainers improve their teaching style and plan, administrators decide how to assign recourses, and Ofsted and fundraisers evaluate the efficacy of educational programme. To the best outcome, assessment’s objectives should meet SMART (Specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time bound) principle and it should be suited the level and ability of the learners. Using different types and methods of assessments enables the students to produce assessment evidence that is valid, authentic, current, sufficient and reliable (VACSR). A. Key features of different types of assessment. 1. Initial assessment is an assessment that helps to identify and understand the needs of the learners. Assessors get information about the students’ choice in the assessment, and how and when does the assessor send them in the right point of referral to meet the student’s needs. For example, students may need specific assessment requirements, further training or different access/resources in learning environment. This assessment takes place before the programme or a lesson begins. 2. Diagnostic assessment (pre-assessment) is the first assessment of learning that help to identify the student’s strength, weakness and prior skills and knowledge of the specific subject. 3. Formative assessmentShow MoreRelatedOnline Exams : An Assessment For Measuring A Test Taker s Knowledge, Skill, Aptitude, Or Classification932 Words   |  4 PagesAn examination is an assessment for measuring a test-taker’s knowledge, skill, aptitude, or classification in many other topics [Ikwueze, 2014]. In the educational fields, examinations play a significant role for helping instructors understand to what extent their students grasp some knowledge, so as to facilitate the instructors to tweak their teaching and further improve their students’ learning. Paper-based examinations are inconvenient for instructors to implement in the distance learning areaRead MoreLearning from Design-based Research789 Words   |  3 Pagesthe basic features of DBR. It stated that DBR require decade of progress in educational research. Yes, I strongly agree his points of view. As DBR required in-depth review in order to assure its quality and validity of the study. Besides, it also involves multiple iterations which leads to multiyear and multifaceted research agendas such as School Based Assessment Management System (SPPBS) which let teachers to key in data regarding students’ mark for every subject online have been proven workableRead MoreFour Circles Model1358 Words   |  6 PagesThe Stages of Systemic Change by Beverly L. Anderson By analyzing where they are an the continuum of educational change, stakeholders can see where they still may need to go. At first I didnt see the magnitude of the change. I thought if we just did better what we had always done, we would be OK. Then I realized we had to do something totally different, but I didnt know what. Gradually we began trying some new approaches. One change led to another and another and another like dominos. I startedRead MoreThe Need for Student Assessment1784 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction The concept student assessment has become a key element and tool for the improvement of student academic outcomes (Shapiro,2008).Student assessment is a legal requirement as seen in the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) law as well as the 2004 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Extant literature has been dedicated to this concept and they all show how the concept of Student assessment can be applied across all academic domains including reading, writing, mathematics, spellingRead MoreIntroduction. A Resounding â€Å"Thank You† Is Directed Toward1514 Words   |  7 Pagesgrade levels K-12 that outlines what a student should have learned at the successful completion of each grade. Ultimately, the CCSS levels the learning field for students across America, regardless of social class, race, or disability by requiring all students to meet the same standards of quality education. Statement of the Problem The popularity of the CCSS falls onto a spectrum. One end favors the CCSS and is a part of the population that resides in underperforming school districts, or are parentsRead MoreWhy School Report Cards Merit A Failing Grade Essay1526 Words   |  7 Pagesaccountability ratings systems, which rate schools across their respective states with an A-F, report card-style grade as a form of institutional accountability in the public domain. The authors of the brief were attempting to highlight some of the purported reasons behind the creation of these systems and systematically critique those arguments to demonstrate the failing of these accountability systems to meet their intended purposes. 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Further, the report gives a personal review and analysis the role of tutor in the quality cycle Definition of quality assurance According to the International Organisation for Standardisation â€Å"Quality assurance isRead MoreThe Examination And Arrangement Estimation Of Student Performance Data That Originate From Testing The Psychological Abilities Of Students1519 Words   |  7 PagesEssentially all countries of the world today understand the examination and arrangement estimation of student performance data that originate from testing the psychological abilities of students. While there is wide variety crosswise over countries in testing - contrasting by topic, grade level, reason, and nature of testing - surveying, what students know instead of to what extent they have been in school has diffused the world over, to a limited extent at the incitement of worldwide advancementRead MoreTheme 1: Legislation. The Irish Constitution Enshrines1521 Words   |  7 PagesTheme 1: Legislation The Irish Constitution enshrines a guarantee of equality before the law. Article 40.1 states that ‘all citizens shall, as human persons, be held equal before the law’. Under the Constitution, every child has a protected right to education regardless of their needs or ability. The right to education goes beyond academic achievement to the development of the child’s personality, talents and abilities to their fullest potential and providing them with the tools to live a full andRead MoreProfessional Development For Blended Learning Essay1447 Words   |  6 Pageslevel. This poverty level percent is almost double the poverty level of the United States as a whole. To meet the diverse educational needs of high poverty student population as well as the modern student populations of Screven County, the Screven County School System has been diligent in their approach to provide access to technology and have this technology available to all students. From previous and c urrent grant funds, the infrastructure is in place to support the data requirements that the

Perry Smiths Nature And Nurture - 1304 Words

Are people designed or defined? Some say that inherited traits design individuals. However, others say the way life treats a person defines them. In the case of Perry Smith, nurture seems to be casting the deciding vote in his life. Nurture definitely trumps nature in deciding the way Perry Smith s inner thoughts, feelings, and actions take shape. Perry Smith s inner musings form as a result of the suffering he undergoes throughout his life. Perry contemplates many thoughts that the reader is able to see in In Cold Blood, and these thoughts seem to have a great deal to do with his turbulent past. He divulges, quite clearly, just how much every major event in his life affected him. For example, Perry describes to the reader the first†¦show more content†¦Humankind has mistreated him repeatedly since he was a child. Children can’t handle emotions very well. If they feel mistreated they believe they are being mistreated, and if they feel unloved they believe they are unloved.Young juveniles don t try to reason away their emotions; they are what they are. So when a child builds up so much negative emotion, those feelings don t just go away. They stick with the child forever, or until the child resolves them. The psychiatrist who evaluated Perry in In Cold Blood(Pg. 191) stated quite distinctly, The history relating to extreme violence, whether fantasied, observed in reality, or actually experienced by the child, fits in with the psychoanalytic hypothesis that the child s exposure to overwhelming stimuli, before he can master them, is closely linked to early defects in ego formation and later severe disturbances in impulse control. In all of these cases, there was evidence of severe emotional deprivation in early life. This clearly describes the person of Perry Smith. He underwent severe emotional deprivation as a child, and as an adult, he does indeed have defects in ego formation and no impulse control. His lack of impulse control is evident when Perry slits Herb Clutter s throat. But I didn t mean it. I meant to call his bluff, make him argue me out of it, make him admit he was a phony and a coward. See, it was something between me and Dick. I knelt down beside Mr.Show MoreRelatedTruman Capote -In Cold Blood - Nature vs Nurture1274 Words   |  6 PagesBlood. Question 2 â€Å"Nature vs Nu rture† Truman Capote’s acclaimed â€Å"non-fiction† novel, In Cold Blood explores the concept as to whether killers are born or made, following the brutal murders of the Clutter family in rural Kansas. Capote develops Perry Smith’s horrid, unfortunate upbringing as a key narrative device which serves to illustrate the effect of childhood experiences on adult behaviour. Capote manipulates the reader’s idea of morality, controversially portraying Perry Smith in a sympatheticRead MoreIn Cold Blood: Nature vs Nurture Essay885 Words   |  4 Pagestrial: death penalty. The final outcome of the trail was never to be any different than death. â€Å"Of all the people in all the world, the Clutters were the least likely to be murdered† (Capote 85). We know the two men who killed the Clutter family, Perry Smith and Bill Hickock, preplanned the crime with malice and forethought. Although the actions were crul and grusome, does Death Row fit what they did if their pa sts, childhood environments and situation, are bad. Capote shows the effect of childhoodRead MoreAnalysis of In Cold Blood by Truman Capote Essay911 Words   |  4 Pages and execution of the killers. As this twisted novel unravels, Capote defines the themes of childhood influences relevant to the adulthood of the murderers, opposite personalities, and nature versus nurture. Truman Capote gives the reader a detailed report of Perry Smiths and Dick Hickocks childhoods. Smiths childhood was very problematic and scarred by years of abuse. He witnessed his father abusing his mother, which happened to result in a divorce. Due to these problems, he ran away from homeRead MoreNature vs Nurture in Truman Capote’s Novel, In Cold Blood Essay1058 Words   |  5 Pagesof English, once wrote, â€Å"Nature makes the boy toward, nurture sees him forward.† Mulcaster recognizes that both genetic and environmental factors determine the type of a person one becomes. Truman Capote’s nonfiction novel, In Cold Blood gives the reader an opportunity to see prime examples of how nature and nurture influence one’s character. Capote’s novel, In Cold Blood introduces the reader to two men; Richard Eugene Hickock known as Dick throughout the novel, and Perry Edward Smith whose livesRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature Versus Nurture1360 Words   |  6 PagesNature vs Nurture Nature versus nurture is a complicated subject to speak about. If one’s abilities or lack of are due to their environment or their genes. For example, a child is behaving negatively in class. Many individuals are quick to jump to the conclusion that â€Å"Oh, that kid’s parents don’t care, or just don’t know how to raise their child.† That could very well be a possibility, but most people never think that maybe they have a hereditary problem, such as ADHD, that was passedRead MoreTruman Capotes In Cold Blood1591 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Dream is a dominant theme in American literature, and in Truman Capote’s In Cold Blood, the idealistic dream is critically evaluated. In this paper, I will explain the context of the work, and then I will compare and contrast Dick any Perry (the murderers) with the Clutter family (the murdered) in relation to the theme of the fragility of the American Dream. Capote wrote what he considered to be the first nonfiction novel. Simply defined a nonfiction novel is one in which an eventRead MoreEssay on HUMAN BEINGS AND NATURE DURING THE REVOLUTION OF THE MIND3395 Words   |  14 PagesHUMAN BEINGS AND NATURE DURING THE REVOLUTION OF THE MIND Enlightenment is mans release from his self-incurred tutelage. Tutelage is mans inability to make use of his understanding without direction from another. Self-incurred is this tutelage when its cause lies not in lack of reason but in lack of resolution and courage to use it without direction from another. Dare to Know! Have courage to use your own reason!- that is the motto of enlightenment. -Immanuel Kant, 1784 (1) From theRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility10163 Words   |  41 Pagesenvironmental, and computer ethics- -relating them to real-world problems facing society. FROM MEDICAL TO BIOMEDICAL ETHICS From its earliest history, medicine was associated with the acceptance of special moral obligations by those who attempted to assist nature in promoting health and overcoming illness. Because physicians brought specialized knowledge or expertise to bear on vulnerable patients, the Hippocratic tradition of medical ethics emphasized their responsibilities not just to avoid harm and to doRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesgraphs that are found in the text. Videos on DVD Adopters can access the 48 videos on the 2013 Organizational Behavior Video Library DVD. These videos have been produced to depict real-world OB issues and give students a taste of the multi-faceted nature of OB in real companies. Learning Management Systems BlackBoard and WebCT Course Cartridges are available for download from www.pearsonhighered.com/irc. These standard course cartridges contain the Instructor’s Manual, TestGen, Instructor PowerPointsRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesand the past is not sufficient to explain the future.† Almost no one would argue that â€Å"permanent white water† best characterizes our current environment. Almost everything is in flux, from our technology and methods of transacting business to the nature of education and the definition of the family. INTRODUCTION 3 Despite all this change in our environment, there is something that has remained, and continues to remain, relatively constant. With minor variations and stylistic differences,

Leading and Managing Organizational Change Management

Question: Discuss about the Leading and Managing Organizational Change Management. Answer: Introduction: Change is an inevitable part of life. We change physically as we age but just like so we change mentally. With passing time, our understanding of the world changes with new experiences (Cameron Green, 2015). Einsteins theory of relativity states that nothing we encounter in this universe is absolute but is relative, we can agree to the fact that change is an absolute truth of life (Senge, 2014). Professionally every individual is attached to an organization and as change is an inescapable truth, every individual encounters the turmoil associated with any developmental change regarding that organization (Alvesson Sveningsson, 2015). If something is incapable of adapting to change it is set to be destroyed in due course of time (Fullan, 2014). This reflective journal provides a general idea about organizational changes and ways to deal with them. Apart from general information, this journal also states about my personal experiences regarding the subject. I will input my understanding of the concept of change and the ways through which changes can be managed in life. I hope this write up help other people who are going through any change or want to learn how to manage changing situations. General idea about organizational change: When we consider change, it can be of two types, intrinsic change or extrinsic change. The forces that are driving intrinsic or internal change are low performance, new leadership responsibilities, low satisfaction, new mission and conflicts that we encounter in our daily lives. For external change the forces may be economic and political, cultural and social, demographic, industry and technology (Cummings Worley, 2014). If we specifically consider organizational change then that change may be of two types. Change may occur in a particular organization either during organizational development of during organizational transformation (Chhokar, Brodbeck House, 2013). In case of organizational change, again that change may be planned. In that case, decisions regarding specific issues made in conscious mind. Unplanned changes are random and sudden and decisions regarding those changes are taken without specific intensions. Revolutionary changes however, are dramatic and rapid (Hayes, 20 14). Organizational development is a planned change. The characteristics of organizational development include the change of the total system, which is proactive and incremental and a long term but stable process. Organizational transformation on the other hand is dramatic and unplanned change. The process of this type of change is chaotic and unstable but outcome oriented (Benn, Dunphy Griffiths, 2014). According to Burke (1980), organizational development is a planned changing process and happens in an organizations culture by using behavioral science, research, theory and technology. Therefore, there are much important information regarding organizational change but the question arises that what is the utility of learning about organizational change. Personally, I think that the knowledge that I will gather through learning about various aspects of organizational change will help me in future professionally. It is still helpful to know about the process of change and the ways these ch anges can be dealt with presently as life is ever changing, society is ever changing, globalization is changing markets and environments, advancement of Information technology is changing pattern of work. Resistance to change: It is common knowledge that no matter how flexible human race is towards the changing world, still it is an indigenous urge to be resistant towards change. The flexible human species is rigid in that aspect as whenever we encounter a sudden change we tend to resist it or try to avoid it (Anderson, 2013). Any organization when undergoes a change whether it is due to development or transformation; people related to the organization at first resist it. The causes may be seen in three different aspects. If we consider the reasons for the governing body then these will be; inertia, culture, structure lack of rewards and the sudden timing. If we consider individual resistance then the causes may be the fear of unknown and fear of failure (Van der Voet, Kuipers Groeneveld, 2014). Job security may be another cause. If a change is occurring in a group then, resistance may be due to norms, cohesion or leadership (Goetsch Davis, 2014). I have seen people resisting to change many times. I myself have been resistant towards change a few times. I have seen my grandparents being resistant towards new technologies and smart phones and MP3 players. My parents have been skeptical a few times about me having my own personal surrounding while growing up. When I was child, I was much more attached to my parents and my siblings; they were my friend philosopher guide. However, as I grew up I started having people in my life outside of my family boundaries and sometimes in certain cases; I relied on them more than my own family. Adjusting to these changes occurring in my life as well as theirs has been a difficulty to my parents. Not only my parents I also have been a rigid person many times in my life in many situations. I have always been a bookworm but I also liked outdoor games. In my childhood, playing games like football, and baseball had been a common norm. I am not saying kids these days still do not do so but they are more inclined on playing video games, computer games. They prefer the virtual world rather than the real world. Children these days do not read books but spend hours in the internet. My younger brother never read Harry potter or the lord of the rings. He prefers watching Naruto anime instead. Therefore, the change and the generation gap between two people, is difficult to deal with for both the individuals. In another instance, I encountered in my life was the change in leadership. At that time, I was a customer service representative of English language working in a team of many representatives of the unit of TCS New Delhi. When my team leader (TL) was changed, I faced difficulty with communicating with the new TL. For that, I suffered in many cases and my performance dropped a little. Instructions became blurry to me and complaints from customers started coming regarding my communication with them. Had I known at that time the ways to cope up with a change the transition period would had been easier. However, I made that into a learning process and with the help of my TL, my work improved, as a result, I got a promotion afterwards. When I become the TL of the English customer care unit, many of my associate team members did not go well with the change in leadership. It became my responsibility to implement the changing rules. Becoming an authority figure had not been easy but I learne d a lot. Instead of being incompetent or blaming others, I started being responsible for complain generated from a customers end and that helped gaining their trust. Hence, there are many ways to handle any changing situations. Each individual has their own approach but learning the key concepts can definitely be of virtue. Dealing with change: Now, we have a clear understanding about what is change and why we encounter resistance towards change it is time that I discuss upon how to deal with change. Dealing with a planned change is easy as we generally have a background idea about the change. However, dealing with unplanned change can be tricky (Hornstein, 2015). Knowing some key points may be of help. During organizational transformation, employees may get agitated. If an authority figure is leading a change then avoiding being too formal or rigid with the employees may be a good way to start (Cantore, 2017). Infusing moderate uncertainty as well as spontaneity into decisions may be of virtue while preventing complacency (Szabla, Stefanchin Warner, 2014). While introducing new strategies, products or services being proactive can also be helpful. Rotation in leader ship may help generating fresh ideas and visions and bring positive attitude from the employees (Martinez, 2016). The best way of leading any change is to beco me a role model. We have seen Che Guevara becoming a role model of an entire generation in America and implementing his political view through other peoples minds. Becoming a good leader is not easy. One has to be creative and influential. Leaders need to encourage and inspire followers to question assumptions and to look for alternatives. A good leader needs to be tolerating towards mistake in order to encourage experimentation (Simons, 2015). One way of leading organizational change is becoming an organizational development practitioner. Nowadays, it has become a trend to call on OD practitioners to lead a change in the organization. They work with the organization towards resolving the issues regarding the developmental process. The OD practitioner in such cases may be in-house or external. OD practitioners are expected to have a wide array of skills. An OD practitioner must possess the ability to push boundaries while maintaining independence and flexibility. Using emotional intelligence to fulfill emotional demands while implementing knowledge and experience is a good a for an OD practitioner to lead a change (Cantore, 2017). One incident of my life when I was leading an organizational change was, when the company changed leave-policies and changed shift timings. The company I work for is TCS New Delhi and like any other company has its own sets of rules regarding casual and sick leaves and weakly off days. Previously the company had fixed Saturday and Sunday off and 2 casual leaves and 1 sick leave a month. But due to change in company policies the fixed Saturday offs was changed to rotational week day off and 2 casual leaves was reduced down to 1 casual leave per month. The shift timing was from 10 am to 6 pm but it was changed to 9 am to 5 pm. These changes although planned for the managerial body of the organization, but was sudden for other non-managerial employees, as these were not discussed with them. As I am a customer care executive as well as the team lead of my team, it became my burden to inform my team members and handle any situation regarding these changes. These sudden changes created upr oar among my team members. To handle these situations I planned an interactive session with the employees where I explained the reasons behind these changes. I listened to their issues regarding this change and tried to convince them to go with the flow of these changes as planned. I could have handled the situation better, if all the aspects regarding these changes were known to me. Nonetheless, I was able to resolve the agitations regarding these changes successfully in calm and composed manner, which I think, is a very important leadership quality. Conclusion: Going through the subject enlightened me towards many factors regarding organizational change. Learning about the various aspects of organizational change and not only ensures a persons personal growth but also about ways to manage them. It is in fact very important to learn about how to lead a change as well. There come many situations in life when we need to bring a change to our personal, social as well as professional life. In order to bring a change in someone elses life, in the society, or in any organization one must implement such changes in his or her life. Implementing changes in life also requires adapting to various changes as well. In near future if I ever encountered such situations that I encountered in the past, I will be able to handle them successfully. This course work has helped me to increase my leadership skills. I am confident that in future I will be able to lead changes in my as well as other peoples life in order to maintain organizational as well as persona l growth. As a concluding note, I would say that knowing and learning about the entire process of change will help everyone to manage the changing situations one encounters in their life. References: Alvesson, M., Sveningsson, S. (2015).Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. Anderson, D. L. (2013).Organization development: The process of leading organizational change. Sage Publications. Benn, S., Dunphy, D., Griffiths, A. (2014).Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Cameron, E., Green, M. (2015).Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Cantore, S. P. (2017). Positive Approaches to Organizational Change.The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Positivity and Strengths?Based Approaches at Work, 272-296. Chhokar, J. S., Brodbeck, F. C., House, R. J. (Eds.). (2013).Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Routledge. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Fullan, M. (2014).Leading in a culture of change personal action guide and workbook. John Wiley Sons. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Hayes, J. (2014).The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Hornstein, H. A. (2015). The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), 291-298. Martinez, J. C. (2016). Leading Organizational Change in The Local Church: A Multi-Case Study. Senge, P. M. (2014).The dance of change: The challenges to sustaining momentum in a learning organization. Crown Business. Simons, M. (2015, June). Leading a successful change initiative. InProceedings of the Conference for Entrepreneurial Librarians. Szabla, D. B., Stefanchin, J. E., Warner, L. S. (2014). Connecting Organizational Change Content with Change Strategy: Has Theory Become Practice.Abraham B.(Rami) Shani, Debra A. Noumair (ed.) Research in Organizational Change and Development (Research in Organizational Change and Development, Volume 22) Emerald Group Publishing Limited,22, 99-140. Van der Voet, J., Kuipers, B., Groeneveld, S. (2014). Held Back and Pushed Forward: Leading Organizational Change in a Complex Public Environment.Journal of Organizational Change Management, Forthcoming.